Comparison of femoral neck geometric parameters between Chinese and Japanese females / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Femoral neck fracture is the most serious osteoporotic fractures that is responsible for high medical costs and high mortality. Femoral neck geometric parameters (FNGPs) are important parameters that reflect the geometrical characteristics of femoral neck, and are closely related to the strength of femoral neck and the risk of fragility fracture.There are differences in the incidence of femoral neck fractures among races. However, whether there is difference in FNGPs among races is unknown.Therefore, this study aims to compare the differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females.@*METHODS@#This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 3 859 healthy females aged 10-86 (45.7±17.1) years old were recruited from Changsha City of Hunan Province and surrounding areas. The weight and height were measured and recorded, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone densitometer was used to measure femoral neck projective bone area (BA) and bone mineral density (BMD). FNGPs were calculated using the BMD and BA, which included the outer diameter (OD), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), endocortical diameter (ED), buckling ratio (BR), section modulus (SM), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and compression strength index (CSI). The data of FNGPs in Japanese females was collected from literature. These subjects were grouped by 10-year age. The mean and standard deviation of height, weight, BMI, femoral neck BMD, and FNGPs of each group were calculated. The model with the best goodness-of-fit was selected from various mathematical regression models to analyze the distribution trend and the best fitting curve of FNGPs with age. The differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females were analyzed by using age-corresponding mean fitting curve for paired t-test, and the relative change rates of FNGPs were compared.@*RESULTS@#The mean values of FNGPs were significantly different among different years old healthy females (all P<0.01). The mean values of OD, CSA, CT, SM, and CSMI in femoral neck were high at 30 to 39 years old, and then they were gradually decreased with age. The CSI reached its peak at 20-29 years old, and it was decreased gradually after 30 years old. ED and BR were at a low level before 40 years old, they were gradually increased after 40 years old, and reached the maximum average value at 80-86 years old. The variations in FNGPs with age were fitted with the best goodness-of-fit by applying the cubic regression model and the determination coefficients of regression equations (R2: 0.062-0.404) were significant (all P<0.01). The distribution trend of FNGPs with age varied with the indices, among which CSA, CT, SM, CSMI and CSI were increased with age before 35 years old, and then they were decreased with age; BR was at a low level in the early stage, and then it was increased with age after about 40 years. There were significant differences in the fitting curves of FNGPs related to age between Chinese and Japanese females (all P<0.01). The fitting curves of OD, ED, BR and SM in Chinese females were significantly higher than those in Japanese females (all P<0.01), while those of CSA and CT in Chinese females were significantly lower than those in Japanese females (all P<0.01). Before the age of 50, the curves of CSMI and CSI of Chinese females were significantly higher than those of Japanese females (all P<0.01), while after the age of 60 the situation was reversed (all P<0.01). Except for SM and CSI, there were significant differences in the rate of OD, CSA, CT, ED, BR and CSMI with age (all P<0.01). By the age of 80 years old, the rates of change in OD, ED, and BR with the age in Chinese females were increased by 0.91%,3.94%, and 47.5%, respectively, while those in Japanese females were increased by 8.57%, 15.8% and 85.3%, respectively；the rates of change of CSA, CT, and CSMI with the age in Chinese females were declined 28.0%, 29.6%, and 25.2%, respectively, while those in Japanese females were declined 29.9%, 36.2%, and 10.9%, respectively. There were significant difference in the rates of change in FNGPs with the age between Chinese and Japanese females (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The study reveals the variation of FNGPs with age in Chinese, and confirms that there are racial differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females, which may be one of the important reasons for the difference in the incidence of femoral neck fracture between Chinese and Japanese females.

Status of child health services in less developed areas in Sichuan province, 2014-2018 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the status of child health services by primary medical institutions in less developed areas in Sichuan province and provide evidence for the development of health policy for poverty alleviation.@*Methods@#Annual child health records in the primary medical institutions selected through multistage stratified sampling in 21 prefectures in Sichuan were extracted during 2014-2018. Field survey and telephone interview were used to evaluate the performance of child health services provided and the child guardian’s satisfaction degree. Sample descriptive statistics, pair sample t-test, χ2 test, trend χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Except child system management rate, the other indicators reflecting the status of child health service in less developed areas in Sichuan were on rise (P<0.05), and close to average level of whole province in 2018. Except child system management rate, the other indicators reflecting the status of child health management in less developed counties were lower than those in developed counties in Sichuan, most differences were significant (P<0.05). Except child health management rate of traditional Chinese medicine, the other indicators reflecting the status of child health management in less developed counties were higher than those in poverty-stricken counties in Sichuan, most differences were not significant (P≥0.05). Except child systematic management rate, the gap in indicators reflecting child health service status between less developed area and developed area was in reduction, some difference were significant (P<0.05). The child guardian satisfaction degree was associated with true child health management rates (r=0.947, P=0.015), and child health management rate of traditional Chinese medicine (r=0.996, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Some achievements have been made in child health services provided by primary medical institutions in less developed areas in Sichuan. To achieve the 2020 poverty alleviation goal, it is necessary to take measures to increase input and improve service level.

Analysis on the heritability of diabetes, based on data from the Chinese adult twins / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the heritability of diabetes among the Chinese twin adults.@*Methods@#A total of 10 253 same-sex twin pairs aged 25 years and older, were selected from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) program. Heritability of diabetes was calculated by using the structural equation model.@*Results@#After adjusted for age and gender, the overall heritability rates of diabetes were 0.41 (0.15-0.75), 0.83 (0.72-0.91) and 0.34 (0.04-0.73) in the <45 and ≥45 years twin pairs, respectively. After adjusted for age, rates of heritability appeared as 0.37 (0.05-0.78) and 0.88 (0.79-0.94) in men and women, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Diabetes is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic effect of diabetes seemed stronger on female than that on male twins but was dying down along with ageing.

Effect of family environment in childhood and adolescence on mental health in adulthood / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship of family environment in childhood and adolescence and mental health in adulthood.Methods A total of 791 subjects aged ≥25 years were selected through the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR).The short-form of Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) was used to evaluate the family environment during childhood and adolescence in three dimensions:relationship,system maintenance and personal growth.The mental health status in adulthood was assessed with the Chinese version of 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).The generalized linear mixed model was used to examine their relationship.Results About 4.6％ of the subjects reported general or worse mental health status.Compared with the subjects with good mental status,statistical difference was observed only in parenting way among twins (living together or not).After adjusting the potential confounders,such as age,sex,zygosity,education and lifestyle (smoking,drinking and physical activity),good family relationship and system maintenance had a positive effect on mental health,with the OR (95％CI) of 0.66 (0.5 1-0.87) and 0.70 (0.50-0.98) respectively.Furthermore,parenting way did not modify the effect of family environment on mental health status in adulthood (interaction:P＞0.05).In each scale,scores of cohesion and organization were positively correlated with mental health,while the score of conflict was negatively correlated with the mental health.Conclusion Good family relationship and system maintenance in childhood and adolescence had a positive impact on mental health in adulthood.

Effect of family environment in childhood and adolescence on mental health in adulthood / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship of family environment in childhood and adolescence and mental health in adulthood.Methods A total of 791 subjects aged ≥25 years were selected through the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR).The short-form of Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) was used to evaluate the family environment during childhood and adolescence in three dimensions:relationship,system maintenance and personal growth.The mental health status in adulthood was assessed with the Chinese version of 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).The generalized linear mixed model was used to examine their relationship.Results About 4.6％ of the subjects reported general or worse mental health status.Compared with the subjects with good mental status,statistical difference was observed only in parenting way among twins (living together or not).After adjusting the potential confounders,such as age,sex,zygosity,education and lifestyle (smoking,drinking and physical activity),good family relationship and system maintenance had a positive effect on mental health,with the OR (95％CI) of 0.66 (0.5 1-0.87) and 0.70 (0.50-0.98) respectively.Furthermore,parenting way did not modify the effect of family environment on mental health status in adulthood (interaction:P＞0.05).In each scale,scores of cohesion and organization were positively correlated with mental health,while the score of conflict was negatively correlated with the mental health.Conclusion Good family relationship and system maintenance in childhood and adolescence had a positive impact on mental health in adulthood.

Mendelian randomization analysis of the relationship between obesity and DNA methylation / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the association between DNA methylation and body mass index (BMI) using Mendelian randomization analysis.@*Methods@#A total of 469 participants were selected from the Chinese National Twin Registry in 2013, who were living in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Sichuan provinces, and at least 18 years of age. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect demographic, clinical, and behavioral information. Peripheral blood cells were collected to detect genotype and methylation status. Association analyses between DNA methylation and BMI and between CpGs and cis-SNP were conducted. With rs748212 as the instrumental variable, the association between cg15053022 and BMI was explored using the Mendelian randomization method.@*Results@#A total of 469 participants were selected. The mean age of participants was (44.8±13.2) years and the BMI was (25.0±3.8) kg/m2. Nine BMI-related DNA methylation sites were found and DNA methylation site cg15053022 in the ATP4A gene was negatively associated with cis-SNP rs748212 (β=-0.020); the mean methylation level of AA, AC, and CC were 0.212±0.025, 0.242±0.024, and 0.264±0.028, respectively. rs748212 was associated with BMI (β=0.04, P=0.007) and closely related to cg15053022 (F=237.66, P=0.143). Mendelian randomization analysis showed lower methylation levels at cg15053022 were associated with higher BMI (β=-1.97, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#This study supported the impact of cg15053022 methylation in the ATP4A gene on BMI using Mendelian randomization analysis and provided the basis for using Mendelian randomization analysis in methylation studies.

A co-twin control study on birth weight, overweight and obesity among children younger than 18 years old in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the associations between birth weight and overweight/obesity among children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 8 267 twin pairs younger than 18 years old from the Chinese National Twin Registry were included in the study. Associations between birth weight, childhood BMI and overweight/obesity were explored by this co-twin control study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting for sex and zygosity, when birth weight had an increase of 0.5 kg per fold, the OR values for overweight and obesity were 1.87(95%CI: 1.40-2.48) for 2-6 year olds, 1.69 (95%CI: 1.16-2.46) for 6-12 year olds and 1.28 (95%CI: 0.80-2.07) for 12-18 year olds.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>from the stratified analysis in the 2-6 year-olds, statistically significant differences were seen. When birth weight increased 0.5 kg per fold, the risk of overweight and obesity increased by 0.87 times among the dizygotic twins, more than that of the monozygotic twins (OR=1.86, 95%CI:1.24-2.81). The risk for male twins was 1.12 times higher than that of female twins (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.11-2.44).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Birth weight seemed associated with overweight and obesity for kids at early childhood or at age for schools. However, guidance on the implementation of public health interventions is still needed on these children.</p>

Effect of Ultra-early Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Bone Calcium, Biomechanical Properties and Bone Collagen of Femur in Rats with Complete Spinal Cord Transection Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of ultra-early hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on bone calcium, biomechanical properties and bone collagen of femur in rats with complete spinal cord transaction. Methods A total of 75 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in-to sham group (n=15), model group (n=20) and HBO group (n=40). HBO group was divided into three hours group (HBO1 group, n=20) and twelve hours group (HBO2 group, n=20). All groups underwent laminectomy at T10, while the model group, HBO1 group and HBO2 group underwent complete spinal cord transection at the same level. Three hours and twelve hours after surgery, HBO1 group and HBO2 group received HBO, respectively, for three courses with ten days in a course. After treatment, the femoral biomechanical properties, bone calcium and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were determined. The morphology of bone trabecula and the bone collagen was observed with HE stain-ing and Masson triad color staining, respectively. Results After treatment, compared with the sham group, the femoral biomechanical proper-ties, the content of bone calcium and Hyp decreased in the model group (P<0.05);compared with the model group and HBO2 group, they in-creased in HBO1 group (P<0.05). The number of bone trabecula and the bone collagen decreased, and derangement and sparseness were ob-served in the model group;however, the changes were substantially mild in HBO1 group. Conclusion Ultra-early HBO could increase the content of bone calcium and Hyp of femur, improve the morphology of the femur bone collagen, and improve the femoral biomechanical properties in rats with complete spinal cord transection.

Characteristics of hypertension prevalence and related factors in rural area in Sichuan / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in rural area in Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cross-sectional data of 55 687 subjects who were enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank study from Pengzhou in southwestern China were used to analyze the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among local residents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of hypertension among population aged 30-79 years old was 25.2%. The awareness rate of self hypertension status, the treatment rate and the control rate of hypertension were 24.7%, 14.7% and 3.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, the awareness rate of self hypertension status, the treatment rate and the control rate of hypertension were associated with the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects. The prevalence of hypertension in winter (70%-80%) was higher than that in summer, while the awareness rate, the treatment rate and the control rate of hypertension in winter were much lower than those in summer. Among the hypertension patients, the rates of smoking and alcohol use were high, the dietary habit was bad, physical activities were less and the prevalence of obesity was higher. The lifestyles of the hypertension patients were improved in those who know about their disease status.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of hypertension was high, but the awareness rate of self hypertension status, the treatment rate and the control rate of hypertension were low in rural area in Sichuan. It is necessary to strengthen the health education in young population and the treatment and control of hypertension in old population. Meanwhile, the management of hypertension patients should be standardized.</p>

Heritability of body mass index on Chinese adult twins from nine provinces/cities in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the heritability of body mass index (BMI) in twins across different regions and genders in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 11 122 adult twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry were interviewed. A structural equation model was used to estimate the heritability of BMI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study included 6 226 monozygotic twin pairs and 4 896 dizygotic twin pairs, with the age range as 25-85 (39.0 ± 10.8) years. Under stratified analysis by region, results showed that the highest and lowest rates on heritability of BMI in men were seen in Tianjin and Zhejiang, as 67.8% (95% CI: 50.1%-85.8%) and 42.1% (95% CI: 27.2%-60.9%), while in women were seen in Sichuan and Heilongjiang as 56.2% (95% CI: 47.5%-70.0%) and 11.2% (95% CI: 0.0%-31.7%), respectively. Results from the stratified analysis showed that, by gender, the heritability of BMI in men was higher than that in women from the same region. The biggest differences of heritability of BMI between men and women were seen in Heilongjiang as 55.3% (95% CI: 35.5%-80.0%) and 11.2% (95% CI: 0-31.7%), while the smallest differences were seen in Sichuan as 61.5% (95% CI: 40.7%-86.4%) and 56.2% (95% CI: 47.5%-70.0%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The heritability of BMI across different regions and genders showed certain differences in the Chinese twins.</p>

Change trend of birth weight of twins in China, 1995-2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the change trend of birth weight of twins in China from 1995 to 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 10 827 twins born between 1995 and 2012 registered in national twin registry system in 8 provinces in China were included in this study. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the change trend of twin's birth weight.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean birth weight of twins decreased by 0.01 kg every five years after adjusting sex, ovum type and place of birth (P = 0.041). The birth weight decreased both in superior twin and in inferior twin over time. After 2007, the birth weight of superior twin decreased by 0.008 kg each year, while the birth weight of inferior twin decreased by 0.014 kg each year. Mean relative difference in birth weight and birth weight discordant rate decreased before 2002, then increased from the lowest point 8.16% and 16.20% to highest point 9.99% and 22.40% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The birth weight of twins in China decreased between 1995 and 2012, while the birth weight discordant rate increased, suggesting that close attention should be paid to the discordance of twin body weight to reduce the risk of adverse health outcome.</p>

A cross-sectional study on health management service for hypertension and diabetes, Sichuan province, 2014 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the quantity, quality and effect of health management service project for patients with hypertension and diabetes in basic public health service project of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>44 health clinics or community health service center, 22 counties and 11 cities was extracted by method of multistage stratified sampling on March, 2014. In each institution we sampled 10 resident health record of hyperpietic and 10 of diabetic. Number of managed patients was recorded to calculate the rate of health management. Telephone survey was used to judge the accuracy and standardability of services the patients received according to the national basic public health service specifications. We compared the satisfaction rate and blood pressure/blood sugar control rate of patients which had accurate record to which had not, and which got normative services to which didn't.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>33.8% (69 680/206 154) of the hyperpietics and 24.0% (25 562/106 508) of the diabetics were managed. 81.16% (702/865) of the records were with accurate information. 74.36% (522/702) of the patients received normative services. Blood pressure was well controlled in 86.92% (299/344) of the hyperpietics, and FPG was well controlled in 85.46% (288/337) of the diabetics. The satisfaction rate was 94.58% (698/738). The satisfaction rate of patients which had accurate record was 98.69% (677/686), but of which had not was just 40.38% (21/52) (χ² = 320.52, P < 0.001). The satisfaction rate of patients which got normative services was 99.22% (508/512), and of which did not get was 97.13% (169/174) (χ² = 2.92, P = 0.087).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The quality of managed chronic patients was well, and got obvious effect. Measures need to implement for increasing the management rate, accuracy and standardability of health management services for hyperpietic and diabetic.</p>

Osteocyte — A new target for the treatment of osteoporosis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The osteocyte has been found to be an orchestrator of bone remodeling.The damage of bone leads to osteocyte apoptosis.Sclerostin secreted by osteocyte causes feedback inhibition of bone formation,so inhibition of sclerostin expression has become a new target of treatment for osteoporosis.It seems resonable to direct clinical practise and treatment of metabolic bone diseases through understanding the function of osteocyte in the process of bone remodeling.

Alcohol consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults.Methods A total of 27020 Chinese adults aged 35 to 74years were enrolled in this prospective cohort study.Frequency or type of alcohol consunption was assessed in 1998 and 2000.Follow-up study on MS was conducted during 2007 and 2008.Results Over an average 8years' follow-up,2362 MS patients were identified among 14 572 individuals who did not have MS at baseline.After adjustment for age,location,education level,physical activity,cigarette smoking,body mass index and the number of MS components,compared with non-drinkers,relative risk ( RR ( 95％ confidence interval (CI))) and the Population Attributable Risk Percent (PARP) of MS of male drinkers was 1.24( 1.06 to 1.45 ) and 10.13％,respectively.RR (95 ％ CI) of MS was 1.36 ( 1.02 to 1.82 ),1.34 ( 1.03 to 1.74) and 1.41 (1.13 to 1.77) for male drinkers consuming alcohol 10.1 -20 g/d,20.1 -40 g/d,and ＞40 g/d.RR(95％ CI) of MS was 1.25 ( 1.01 to 1.55) for males drinking 2 -5 times/week and 1.26(1.04 to 1.52) for males drinking ≥6 times/week.RR (95％ CI) of MS was 1.60 ( 1.05 to 2.45),1.30(1.02 to 1.65) and 1.27 (1.06 to 1.52) for beer,liquor and the beer + liquor male consumers.The corresponding RR(95％ CI) was 2.67(1.26 to 5.65) and 3.38 (1.35 to 4.22) for female drinkers consuming alcohol 10.1 -20 g/d and ＞20 g/d.Conclusions Drinking alcohol more than 10 g/d may be associated with an increasing risk of MS,especially for women.Drinking more than twice per week,beer and/or liquor consumption can significantly increase the risk of MS in men.

Gonadotropins and bone metabolism / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

New studies have shown that metabolism of bone is controlled by the central nervous system.Gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulate the formation and function of osteoclasts which are closely related to the bone turnover and changes of bone mass. This study overviews the relationship between gonadotropins and bone metabolism.

The trabecular heterogeneity of femoral head in male osteoporotic fracture / 中华放射学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the femoral head trabecular heterogeneity in Chinese male patients with osteoporotic fracture and their effects on osteoporotie fracture.Methods Human femoral heads were obtained from 11 male osteoporotie fracture (OP) patients ranged from 51 to 82 years old [average age (65±9 ) years old], and 7 male trauma ( TM ) patients ranged from 46 to 75 years old [average age (61±11 ) years old] who underwent total hip arthroplasty within two hours after either osteoporotic or trauma hip fracture.The OP was defined as having a fragility fracture.After laying femoral head as living body position and locating mark, nine trabecular specimens were obtained from femoral heads, each of 6 mm × 6 mm× 7 mm.The cortical shell was not included in each specimen.One cube was selected as the primary compressive trabecular region and the other 8 specimens as non-primary compressive trabecular region.These cubes were scanned using high-resolution microcomputed tomography scanner (μCT).After scanning, the data of total cubes, primary compressive trabecular region and noncompressive trabecular region were used for analysis by t test.Results In OP group volumetric bone mineral deosity(vBMD) [( 182.15±66.00) mg/mm3 vs (223.97±70.92) mg/mm3, t =3.041], tissue bone mineral density (tBMD) [(538.76±64.72) mg/mm3 vs (580.01±63.86 ) mg/mm3, t = 3.160],bone volume fraction (TV/BV) [(0.22 ± 0.06) % vs (0.26 ± 0.07 ) %, t = 2.821], trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) [( 161.07 ±42.75 ) μm vs ( 205.47 ± 74.44 ) μm, t = 3.233] were significantly decreased while bone surface/bone volume ( BS/BV ) [( 13.75 ± 2.55 ) mm-1 vs ( 12.28 ± 2.70 ) mm-1, t =-2.777] was significantly increased in the non-primary compressive trabecular region than that in the primary compressive trabecular region ( P < 0.05 ).vBMD [( 182.15 ± 66.00) mg/mm3 vs ( 248.05 ±105.48) mg/mm3, t = - 3.598], tBMD [(538.76 ± 64.72) mg/mm3 vs ( 570.54 ± 100.32) mg/mm3,t=-2.108],TV/BV [(0.22±0.06) % vs (0.28±0.12) %, t= -3.466], Tb.Th.[(161.07±42.75) μm vs (200.31 ±96.63) μm, t= -2.866], trabecular number (Tb.N.)[(1.46±0.23)/mm3 vs ( 1.57 ± 0.29)/mm3, t = - 2.396] were significantly decreased while trabecular separation ( Tb.Sp.) [(780.82 ± 144.85 )μm vs ( 653.09 ± 119.64) μm, t = 5.470], degree of anisotropy (DA) ( 1.57±0.20 vs 1.47±0.18, t = 2.930 ) were significantly increased in OP than in TM in the non-compressive trabecular region( P < 0.05 ).No significant differents were found between OP and TM for any of the parameters measured in the primary compressive trabecular region.Tb.Th.[(199.37±68.22)μm vs (176.33 ±71.21 )μm, t = 2.060,P < 0.05] were significantly increased in the primary compressive trabecular region than that in the non-primary compressive trabecular region and no significant differences were found in the other parameters in the all 18 specimens.Conclusions The femoral head trabeculae had a heterogenic distribution in OP.Bone loss in OP primarily takes place in non-compressive trabecular region.Femoral neck fracture cannot be prevented though the bone microstructure do not loss in the primary compressive trabecular region.Tb.Th.in the femoral head could be an interesting parameter which is closely related to the femoral neck fracture.

Effect and mechanism of preptin on connective tissue growth factor expression in human osteoblasts / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and mechnism of preptin on connect tissue growth factor (CTGF) in human osteoblasts. Methods Recombinant human preptin was used to treat primary human osteoblasts, and Western blot was used to detect CTGF protein level. Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38(p38MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and their phosphorylation levels were also detected by Western blot. MAPK inhibitors (PD98059, SP600125, or SB203580)were used to elucidate the mechnism of preptin induced expression of CTGF in human osteoblasts. Results Treatment of human osteoblasts with preptin caused a time and dose-dependent increase in CTGF secretion. Preptin induced activation of ERK, but not p38MAPK or JNK in human osteoblasts. Furhermore, pretreatment of human osteoblasts with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 abolished the preptin-induced CTGF secretion. Conclusion Preptin induces CTGF expression in human osteoblasts by means of ERK/MAPK pathway.

Association of serum follicle stimulating hormone with osteoprotegerin, leptin, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2 in women / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the relation between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level and bone metabolism-related cytokines in women.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study of 703 healthy Chinese women, aged 20-80 years, was conducted. Serum FSH, osteoprotegerin (OPG), leptin, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) were detected.@*RESULTS@#Serum FSH was positively correlated with OPG (r=0.447, P<0.01) and TGF-β2 (r=0.344, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with TGF-β1 (r=-0.374, P<0.01). After adjustment of age, a negative correlation was found between FSH and leptin (r=-0.265, P<0.01). The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that serum FSH was a negative determinant factor of TGF-β1, and 22.6% changes in TGF-β1 was determined by FSH. FSH was, however, a positive determinant factor of OPG and TGF-β2, and 9.9% and 1.1% of the effect on OPG and TGF-β2 was performed by FSH, respectively. Serum FSH almost had no effect on leptin.@*CONCLUSION@#Serum FSH level in adult women is related to bone metabolism-related cytokines, such as TGF-β1, OPG, and TGF-β2.

The effects of glucocorticoid on expression of cannabinoid-1 receptors in osteoclasts from tibial proximal metaphysis of rats / 中华内科杂志

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Methods Thirty-two female SD rats after matching body weight were divided randomly into three groups: baseline group (n = 10), control group (n = 11) and GC-treated group (n = 11). The administration time was 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A high resolution micro-CT was used to quantify the densitometric and microarchitectural properties of trabeculae in the proximal metaphysis of right tibia. In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CBI R) in the proximal metaphysis of left tibia. Results At the end of the experiment, whole-body BMD in vivo in the control group [(0. 156±0. 008) g/cm2]was higher than that in the baseline group [(0.147±0.006)g/cm2], while the whole-body BMD in vivo [(0.147±0.006) g/cm2]and total BMD in vitro at femurs in the GC-treated group [(0.220±0.011) g/cm2]was lower than those in the control group [(0. 240±0. 024)g/cm2]. Compared with the baseline group and control group, there was a remarkable decrease in the volumetric BMD, tissue BMD, trabecular number and trabecular connectivity (P<0.05) in the GC-treated group, while there was a significant increase in trabecular separation (P < 0. 05) and trabecular thickness also increased in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae in the GC-treated group. The expression level of CB1R mRNA and protein in osteoclasts in the GC-treated group was markedly higher than that in the baseline group and control group (P < 0. 05). There was a close correlation between the expression level of CB1R mRNA, protein in osteoclasts and some microarchitectural parameters in the proximal metaphysis in the GC-treated group (P<0.05). Conclusions The administration of GC is associated with a decrease in BMD and deterioration in microarchitecture of trabecular bone in rats tibiae. Glucocorticoid may up-regulate the CB1R expression level in osteoclasts and this may be a kind of molecular mechanism of GIOP.

Changes of biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in mid- and old-aged women / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To study the changes of biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in mid- and old-aged women.Methods A total of 408 female volunteers aged 40 to 86 years were enrolled.Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP),osteoealtin and urine type I collagen N-telopeptide(uN'TX) were measured using ELISA,and BM D at anteroposterior lumbar spine 1-4(L1-4)and femoral neck (FN) was detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (QDR4500A).Results (1) Serum BAP,osteocaltin and uNTX levels were positively correlated with age,parity,number of births and duration of menopause (all P<O.O 1),while BMD at L1-4 and FN were negatively correlated with age,parity,number of births and duration of menopause (all P<0.01).(2)In subjects aged 40 to 55 years,levels of serum BAP,osteocahin and uNTX significantly increased in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women,whereas BMD at L1-4 and FN decreased(all P<O.01).(3)The levels of the bone biomarkers increased rapidly,but those of BMD at both sites decreased abruptly within five years after menopause(all P<O.O1).(4)Serum BAP,osteocahin and uNTX values in women with osteoporosis and osteopenia were lower than those in normal BMD women(all P<0.05).Conclusion Increased bone biomarker levels in postmenopausal women are associated with a decreased BMD value and increased risk factors for osteoporosis.Measurmeut of the biochemical markers of bone turnover seems to be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis.